Anabolic Steroids - Performance Enhancing Drugs

Anabolic Steroids - Performance Enhancing Drugs Anabolic steroids are a class of steroid hormones based on the androgen testosterone. Anabolic steroids are also known as anabolic-androgenic steroids or AAS or performance-enhancing drugs. What Do Anabolic Steroids Do? Anabolic steroids increase the rate of protein synthesis within cells. The building of cellular tissue (anabolism) is especially noticeable in muscles. Anabolic steroids also have androgenic and virilizing effects. They influence masculine characteristics such as the growth of the vocal cords and body hair. How Are Anabolic Steroids Used as Drugs? Anabolic steroids have been attractive to athletes and bodybuilders because they increase the size and strength of muscles. They also increase aggressiveness and competitiveness, which can be desirable traits in sports. Anabolic steroids may be prescribed to promote appetite, stimulate bone growth, induce male puberty, to lessen the effects of muscle wasting from chronic diseases, such as cancer or AIDS, and may show promise as a male contraceptive. The drugs are available as oral pills, injectable steroids, and skin patches. How Do Anabolic Steroids Work? Anabolic steroids change muscle mass and strength by two processes. First, the steroids lead to an increased production of proteins, which are the building blocks of muscle. The steroids also block the effect of the hormone cortisol on muscle tissue, so that existing muscle is broken down at a slower rate. Additionally, anabolic steroids lead to cells differentiating into muscle more readily than fat. What Are the Risks of Using Anabolic Steroids? In addition to increasing muscle strength and mass, the effects of taking anabolic steroids include harmful changes in cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, acne, liver damage, and changes to the structure of the left ventricle of the heart. Anabolic steroids have an androgenic or virilizing effect, meaning they affect male characteristics. Anabolic steroids affect the onset of puberty, the growth of the clitoris in females and the penis in male children (does not affect the size of the penis in adults), increased the size of the vocal chords and deepening of the voice, increased body hair, and premature baldness in people predisposed to it. Another side effect is decreased fertility and testicular atrophy. Why Are Anabolic Steroids Dangerous for Teens? Many of the side effects of taking performance-enhancing drugs can be countered by combining them with other drugs and exercise and are somewhat reversible in adults. However, anabolic steroid use can have permanent negative consequences if used by adolescents. One side effect can be the early onset of puberty. More significantly, the drugs can stunt growth by prematurely stopping the lengthening of the bones.

Exploring The Concept Of Empowerment Social Work Essay Essay Example

Exploring The Concept Of Empowerment Social Work Essay Essay Example Exploring The Concept Of Empowerment Social Work Essay Essay Exploring The Concept Of Empowerment Social Work Essay Essay Authorization can be defined in general as the capacity of persons, groups and/or communities gain control of their fortunes and achieve their ain ends, thereby being able to work towards assisting themselves and others to maximize the quality of their lives. In wellness and societal attention empowerment means patients, carers and service users exerting pick and taking control of their lives. It is non that one is empowered agencies he or she become all powerful like God. Even if we are empowered still we have restriction. Actual significance of authorization is that one feels that he or she able and feels powerful plenty in certain state of affairss to take portion in determination devising. I besides will explicate how political relations played a portion in disempowering adult females in wellness and societal attention services. It is a greatest challenge in wellness and societal attention to accomplish advancement with the authorization of carers and people who receive services. Beginnings of 20th century adult females were disempowered because of political relations played a portion. Emancipation is a normally used word in other western European states to mention to what in the UK mean by authorization. The word emancipation has is utile because it has overtones of the battle for ballots for adult females in Britain at the beginning of the 20th century, so it reminds us that authorization in the wellness and societal services has a political facet. When carers and people who use services experience being disempowered and excluded, this is a signifier of political disenfranchisement. In other words, it is as though they have no ballot and are non treated as full members of society. In contrast, when people become empowered, they can exert picks and have the possibility of maximizing their possible and living full and active lives. There is a tenseness between enabling people to take control of their lives and recognizing that workers may necessitate to step in and take control sometimes, in order to protect other people. This applies to both authorization and protagonism. Authorization for people with larning disablements is the procedure by which they develop increased accomplishments to take control of their lives. This will assist them accomplish ends and aspirations, maximizing their quality of life. A cardinal characteristic in authorising people is giving them a voice and actively listening to what they have to state. Empowerment is, hence, closely linked to the construct of protagonism. Authorization in larning disablement can be described as a societal procedure, whereby people who are considered as belonging to a stigmatised societal group can be assisted to develop increased accomplishments to take control of their lives. This increased control will assist them to accomplish their ends and aspirations and therefore potentially maximize the quality of their lives. The construct has connexions with assertiveness and independency and is clearly linked to the assorted signifiers of protagonism. When sing the current clime it is slightly an indictment on our times that the Government sees the demand to call the White Paper sing its vision for larning disablement services as Valuing People . The rubric entirely reciprocally suggests that as a society we are not valuing people . The content presents the grounds on degrees of exclusion, disempowerment and deficiency of valued societal functions confronting those with a learning disablement and how services should be planned to turn to this. ( A similar Scottish Executive Review of Learning Disability has the rubric The Same As You . ) For the person with a learning disablement, the subjective experience of authorization is about rights, pick and control which can take them to a more independent life style. For the professional, it is about anti-oppressive pattern, equilibrating rights and duties and back uping pick and empowerment whilst keeping safe and ethical pattern. Education is frequently seen as the chief engine of authorization, equality and rights of entree. Therefore, as a group, people with a learning disablement can be at a peculiar disadvantage. They may hold to be enabled and supported to possibly get the better of societal obstructions and can be dependent on others to do of import information accessible to them, help them with protagonism and assist safeguard their rights. A cardinal characteristic in authorising persons is giving them a voice and so listening actively to what they have got to state. Person Centred Planning with its focal point on puting the person at the Centre of the procedure and utilizing techniques to obtain meaningful engagement can be a major part to happening out what people have got to state. Empowerment will convey along with it rights and duties plus besides possible hazards for people. It is frequently the fright of physical hazard which can suppress empowerment procedures for people who see themselves as responsible for vulnerable people. They may fear a blasted civilization if things go incorrect. Surprisingly, every bit late as 1998, the Social Services Inspectorate noted there were no systematic attacks for hazard appraisal and direction in the field of larning disablement. The Foundation for People with a Learning Disability set out to place good pattern in how to accommodate the tenseness between guaranting the safety of an person with a learning disablement and authorising them to bask a full life in the community. A study was produced called Empowerment and Protection ( Alaszewski et al, 1999 ) which suggested that administrations needed to develop hazard policies which embrace both protection and empowerment issues at the same point. The definition of hazard should look at effects and chance. Procedures should besides include, from the start, the wants and demands of the individual who has the acquisition disablement and affect them throughout, including the determination devising phase. Such remarks about administrations developing appropriate hazard schemes show that authorization is non at that place merely as a construct for front line staff, but should perforate the strategic planning degrees. Valuing People provinces ( Section 4.27 ) that people with a learning disablement should be consulted for their positions on services and these positions utilised at a corporate planning degree. In Mrs Ali instance she is empowered by Muslim spiritual religion to take of her bed-bound hubby although in contrast her attention taker Jean believes that Mrs Ali should be empowered. This indicates faith besides empower some people to take attention vulnerable people.

Reflecive journal inspired by different kinds of media practices and Essay

Reflecive journal inspired by different kinds of media practices and ideas related to my module - Essay Example It is regarded as a recent style as such mechanical potential is very newly set so that low cost and extensive execution can be performed. It allows the effective use of space and potential by allowing various functions to be executed on an individual device. Convergence further has two wider ranges of description and they are technological convergence and media convergence (Arenaza, 2010). Technological convergence is the procedure in which the prevailing machinery that integrates in to new configurations that bring about various kinds of applications and media. Recent appliances and machinery generally manage a particular instruction or to execute some primary jobs (Wise Geek, 2014). Technological convergence allows different devices to collaborate with a broader arrangement of media kinds. With technological improvement, brand new versions of the devices may compromise extra characteristics which were not available in the previous one (Techopedia, 2014). Media convergence is the fact that includes the linkage of communication and information technologies, media material and computer systems. Media convergence is the immediate result of the digitalization of media content and the fame of the Internet. It alters prominent organizations, services and work execution and allows absolutely new designs of content to appear (Flew, 2014). Such advancements can be used both ways either for the good or for the bad. The good is always appreciated by the people and especially the government as it makes their work easier while the bad is always criticized by the people and especially the government as it increases their work to maintain law and order. To make sure that media is not being used for the bad, governments make rules and regulations which restrict the media to a certain limits and ensure that the limits are not being crossed. The communication and media organizations are now few of the major industries of the society. After the

Self Management of Diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Self Management of Diabetes - Essay Example Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of diabetes and the numbers of people that are becoming obese is increasing rapidly. It is the major cause of premature mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular, renal, ophthalmic and neurological disease. It is widely accepted that control of the lifestyle situation including diet and exercise decrease the risk of complications and control the Hg1c (Porth & Matfin, 2007). This paper will discuss recent studies affecting the overall Hg1c with combined strength and aerobic exercise programs. Self management of diabetes includes diet, exercise, medication, and blood sugar control. Exercise, however has been shown to be highly important. Lean muscle mass improves Hg1c (Sigal, Kenny, Boule et.al. 2007). There has been some controversy in determining whether that exercise should be aerobic or strength or both. In researching this, studies relating to diet and other controls were eliminated and a search was conducted for supporting evidence that both types of exercise included in routines for these patients improved overall blood glucose control and limited complications from the disease. Five peer reviewed studies were retained from many found as they included both exercise routines against controls. Historically, aerobic exercise has been used to attempt to improve glucose levels in diabetic patients. However, there is a great deal of literature available now that shows a great deal of merit for adding resistance exercise to this routine for control. It appears that glucose control is only one of the benefits of this kind of routine for diabetic patients. Strength, endurance, and power are benefits received (Marcus, Smith, Morrell, 2008). There is also an increase in lean tissue mass which creates an increase in metabolic rate. The importance of physical activity in these patients cannot be denied. It is considered not only preventative but also therapeutic (Tokmakidis, Zois, Votaklis, et.al. 2004). The change that occurs in muscle mass coupled with effects on glucose uptake are the reasons for better control. This occurs even in people with insulin resistance. In operationalizing this data, education is the key. Over the past years, diabetics have been taught that walking is the perfect exercise to control their HgA1c and to some point that is true, it is the perfect exercise. However, there is a gap in the education as far as adding the needed strength training. It may be clearly important, due to the large numbers of diabetics now, to design and implement diabetic exercise programs that are couple with regular education programs. Certainly controlling blood sugar and preventing complications of this disease proves to be financially needed for both the patients and the healthcare system. Sigal, Kenny, & Boule et.al. (2007) published a study in the Annuls of Internal Medicine on this very issue. Previous studies evaluated by them determined that the effects of aerobic exercise alone provided for better glucose control. They felt that there was likelihood that a combination of aerobic and strength exercises would lead to better control. They performed a randomized control trial set in 8 community based facilities. Included in this study were 251 adults age 39 to 70 with type 2 diabete (Sigal, et.al., 2007). Patients were

Globalization and Its Enemies Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Globalization and Its Enemies - Article Example There are various debates regarding the origin, driving forces, and transformative powers of transformation (Guttal 523). Supporters and critics of globalization have agreed that advancement in technology and communication have made globalization possible. For instance, banking institutions in Britain are able to reach and communicate with their counterparts in Asia, America and other parts of the world. Further, internet allows currencies to be traded worldwide. There is disagreement on the powers, natures, and origins of globalization (Guttal 523). Is it civilizing or destructive? Is it politically neutral or ideologically driven? Some people argue that globalization is driven by greed and interest to accumulate and control material wealth, for which capitalism provides a rational operational framework and ideology. They argue that globalization is a concept invented to favor the elite. In their views, factors such as global migration from one country to another have led to increas ed security lapses (Guttal 524). They have attributed globalization to environmental degradation, which has resulted to the sprouting of slums in developing countries. Critics of globalization insist that globalization has resulted to uneven distribution of the wealth, which has resulted to selective economic booms in the world. They view globalization as capitalist process that has its origins far back as the industrial revolution era in Europe and has grown since the disintegration of the soviet union as a suitable form of economic organization. Globalization is a force of capitalist expansion and modernization, incorporating the integration of all economic activities into the world market in order to create wealth for the nations. Guttal (524) has argued that to counter one another’s assertions about the merits and demerits of globalization, both the critics and the proponents have fronted several arguments in relation to the economic, political, and social aspects of glob alization. Aspects of the economy that are majorly associated with globalization include investment, trade, and migration. This enables traders to easily access goods and even services in a more broad way than it used to be in the past years. Further, new and expanded global opportunities boosts the global economy as different kinds of exchanges taking place between states encourages positive global competition thus resulting in simultaneous global economic growth (Guttal 524). As Guttal states in the article, critics have held that free trade posses danger to domestic industries. In addition, the concept of globalization has led to the defragmentation of the environment and job loss. They assert that by countries accepting to get into foreign and regional financial schemes, they automatically lose their financial sovereignty and in turn, embrace foreign policies that may be contrary to the unique needs of its citizens. The other view is that multinational corporations may acquire e xcessive power in a particular country, which may in return compromise the needs of the citizens in general. Proponents perceive that, globalization has played a key role especially in the political sphere an argument that has received major backing from globalization nationalists.

Influence of Darwins theory on modern psychology

Influence of Darwins theory on modern psychology Charles Darwin was a British scientist, who coins the concept of evolution and geological observation. Charles Darwin was greatly inspired by geologist Adam Sedgwick and Reverent/ naturalist John Henslow. Both mean played a major role in the development of his theory. Darwin draws his ideas from those who believed that the sacred book was and extract of world and humans. His work was of great influence on life and development of natural science and psychological thoughts. Darwins career gave him the opportunity to observed various geological structure around the globe as well as living species .This experience have enhance his intellectual thought and prospective of the earths surface. However Angell (2007) states that Darwinism has never been a really vital issues in psychology (The influence of Darwin on psychology). Darwins theory of evolution has been disparaged by the theologians, biologist and even the psychologist. The heavy criticism came in the light of his book origin of species. Biologist wangled that Darwin could not Thomas Malthus was a British economist, who wrote numerous articles about population growth. Malthus theorizes that the availability of food cannot be compared to the geometrical rate of population growth. Thus, overpopulation constantly leads to unending forces of hunger, virulent disease and poverty. The instinctive struggle for survival arrested Darwin attention; as a result, he used Malthuss approach to the theory of evolution. (How did Thomas Malthus influence Charles Darwin?). Darwin theory of evolution is essential, because the food supply issues describe by Thomas Malthus, gave young species the opportunity to complete for their survival. The survival of the fittest would then provide; the future generation with the favourable variation of their heredity. Therefore, each generation would improve adoptively throughout the ages and this attempt would gradual succeed in the development of evolutionary species. This approach was added to Darwin scheme of natural selection, thus h e proposed that all species are related to one common ancestor known as the real eve. Moreover, he offered extra support for the core concept that earth itself is not motionless but evolving .Darwin believed that some of the instinct used in Malthus struggle of survival would invigorate the survival scheme. Throughout his research, Darwin concluded that this ongoing struggle between those more and less fit to survive would produce a never ending progression of change in the organism (How did Thomas Malthus influence Charles Darwin?). Darwin used the ideas of many scholars to develop his theory. He strongly believed that population growth remain pending until existing natural resources becomes stabilized. Thomas Malthus was ordained minister of the gospel, who believed that starvation and illnesses were employed by God to prevent populations growth. He further mentions that lacking these positive checks the population would explode rapidly .Malthus saw life as a divine inspiration that assign men to work fervently. In addition, Malthus dislike most of the statement used by the early philosophers, he believed that human problems can be resolve through the social engineering network. Most of the philosophers, who Malthus dislikes, use his essay as guide to coin their theory (How did Thomas Malthus influence Charles Darwin?). Alfred Russell Wallace Alfred Russell Wallace was the first British naturalist, who coined the term evolution, due to his natural selection. It was his proposal that Darwin use to formulate his theory. Wallaces theory was publicized at the same time of that of Charles Darwin. According to historians, Wallace and Darwin worked independently, yet uninformed about each others research. Both men shared the same perceptiveness about biological mechanism, in which species gradually change to meet the criteria of their environment. During this era, most persons strongly believed that all species were irreversible merchandise of divine creation (Alfred Russel Wallace biography). Evolution is the process by which transformation occur though enormous diversity of the living species. Studies have shown that all living species have descended from one common ancestor in the past. Wallace philosophy of spiritualism was vast different to those of Charles Darwin thesis of human minds. Darwin saw humans as highly evolved organisms; Wallace believed that the human mind was inspired by something outside evolution and that the human spirit could continue to progress after death (Rocky road: Alfred Russel Wallace). At first Wallace believed that the duties executed by men would normal amend with the current time. However, as time progress, he changes his verdict. He maintained that the entire universe was fashioned by human being, just that we are considered a little lower than angels. As young man, though, he thought differently. In one passage about the King Bird of Paradise, Wallace both marvelled at the existence of such amazing creatures that had so seldom been seen by people, and made a prescient observation about humanitys impact on nature (Rocky road: Alfred Russel Wallace). Herbert Spencer Herbert Spencer was the first sociologist in Derby England. Herbert defined sociology as the study of societal evolution and believed that the ultimate goal of societal evolution is complete harmony and happiness (Evolutionary theory, 2004 p. 434). Spencer embraced Charles Darwin theory of natural selection, after he publishes the book origins of species. Spencer was considered an influential supporter of social Darwinism, and subfield of Darwin hypothesis of human societies. Spencer coined the term survival of the fittest to describe the contest between individuals and groups. He theorized that wealth and power are signs of intrinsic fitness, while poverty is considered as evidence of low standard (Evolutionary theory, 2004 p. 434). Spencer concept of adaption permits him to declare that the rich and powerful are capable to adopt the social and economic means of the current time, while the concept of natural selection allows him to argue that it is normal for the rich to progress at the works of the poor. After all, it is an issue of everyday life. In some case Social Darwinist argue that it is inappropriate to assist those who are weak than oneself, since it will promote survival of someone who is inapt Spencer had many very extreme political views and grew to despise government programs that were aimed to help the poor. In the end it was his harsh views on politics that held his ideas back from being accepted right away. Spencer was like Darwin in some ways, but when it came down to the theory of evolution, Spencer took it one step further than Darwin by saying that it involved much more that just biology (Herbert spencer). Charles Lyell Charles Lyell was a well-known geologist and uniformitarian supporter during the mid 19 century. Being a firm believer of uniformitarian (All about Science) he coined the term uniformitarianism. Lyell supported his hypothesis base on geological observation that the made during his visits to Europe and North American. This theory asserts that the same biological process that operates in the past continues to do so in the same way and with the same gradual force. According to Encarta dictionary catastrophism is the process by which the natal description of earth surfaces was structure by a series of impetuous violent, rather than gradual evolutionary theory. This approach have seen a large extinct of animals and plants. An example of this theory is Noahs flood. During the flood, everything was wiped away except those that were taken into the ark. The catastrophist believed that all species created are irreversible. However, the catastrophist perception was opposed by Sir Charles Lyell in his book principles of geology. Lyell mention in his book, that earths surface is constantly undergoing changes, as a result of the unvarying operation of natural forces. As time progress, Darwin found himself apt to Lyells viewpoint. However, He soon realized that some of his examination of living plants and creature posed great doubt to those of Lyell. Lyell maintained that species were created differently. He further mentions that the remains of extinct species resemble those of living species in the same geographical area (The influence of Darwin on psychology). Although, he had difficulty accepting his own philosophy, his work found favour in the eyes of Charles Darwin (All about Science). Moreover, his works found a source of believe some billions years ago. However, Darwin theory of evolution, did not propose any time frame until he em brace Lyell old earth theories (All about Science). Most scientists accepted Lyell theory because it provides rational explanation and details. Yet those explanation were considered evidence, and even today scientist used Lyell geological explanation with no major questioning. Darwin accepted Lyell work hold heartedly, because it gives him a clear instinct of his beliefs. At one point Lyell retaliated against the theory of geology, because he believed that theory depicts a biased and construal setting of the scripture Genesis (Sir Charles Lyell). Alfred Binet Alfred Binet was French psychology, who was known for success in intelligent testing. In the 1889 Binet discovered the first psychological research laboratory in France. As director of the laboratory, he attempted to develop experimental technique that would measure rational thinking and intelligence. During the 1900s the French government (History of intelligence testing) contacted Binet, seeking his help to develop a theory that would differentiate the difference between mental incompetence and mental stability. As result the said government pass an amendment bill that requires the present of all children in school. Hence the reason was to identify their specialities and to group them according to their learning abilities. With the help of his co-worker, psychologist Theodore Simon, he was able to devise a test that would measure the mental capacity of children. This approach was known as the Binet-Simon scale. After the development of the Binet-Simon scale, the test was soon brought to the United States where it generated considerable interest (History of intelligence testing). Lewis Terman a psychologist at the standard university used Alfred Binet testing to conduct his own survey, the outcome of his finding was known as Stanford-Binet intelligent scale, soon after it was initially change to standard intelligent testing. The Stanford-Binet intelligent testing is conducted by trained professionals, who known how to administered the examination and secure the answers. The method designed to compute the IQ score is dividing mental age by the actual chronological age of the individual taking the examination and then multiply it by 100. For example if an 8year old scores a mental age of 12 her IQ given to her would be 150i;e 1Q of 150(8/12x 100). Although this initiative is accurate in children it does not compute will for adults. Intelligent testing Sir Francis Galton Francis Galton was a British Scientist, who laid the foundation of eugenics. He was also related to Charles Darwin. As result he was the first to acknowledge Darwins evolutionary theory, after he read the book the origins of species. Galton soon became interested in heredity and the measurement of humans; He collected various statistical data on height, dimensions and other characteristics of human beings. Base on quantitative studies of prominent individuals and their family trees, he concluded that intellectual ability is inherited in much the same way as physicals traits and he later published his finding in heredity (Sir Francis Galton). Galton strongly believed that the nature of intelligence have led him to inspire the thoughts, that society should encourage the upper class to replenish the earth , while the lower class refrain from doing so. During the mid 19 century eugenics was seen considered social Darwinism. Social Darwinism entails the struggle for existence and survival of the fittest. When applied to humanity it simply suggest the rich are wealthy off than the poor, and more successful in life. The controversy between the rich and poor permits the continual development of the species in orderly and timely manner, thus contributing to better society. Galton conduct a further probe to investigate the difference between the effects of heredity and those of environment ( Sir Francis Galton ). Base on his finding he was able to detect how education and environmental factors influence our mental ability. Galton continues to recognize heredity as prominent influence, regardless of his finding. Galton was among the first scientist to study twins, who had been separated from each other as means offering insight into the nature -nurture controversy (Sir Francis Galton). They contribution made by Galton provides valuable so urce for both psychologist and educators.

Ethnobotany Essays -- essays papers

Ethnobotany An Available Option Try to imagine yourself or someone you hold close to you being very sick, so sick that just being alive each day gives more pain and suffering than the previous day. Not one person should have to suffer from a disease that is incurable and leads inevitably to death. With an assisted suicide a person and his or her family can be relieved of the agony of the illness. Euthanasia is sometimes considered to be the best option for a loved one who is in intractable pain, and should be an option available to patients who meet qualifications and agree to the assistance in suicide. There are two different forms of Euthanasia: Active and Passive. Active Euthanasia is the causing of a person’s death through a direct action in response to a request of that person. Dr. Jack Kevorkian is most well known for his acts of Active Euthanasia. Passive Euthanasia is, according to www.religioustolerance.org, hastening the death of a person by altering some form of support and letting nature take its course. Examples of Passive Euthanasia include â€Å"pulling the plug† on a patient in a coma or turning off a respirator to aid in the breathing process. These two processes should, at times, be performed on some patients so that death will occur sooner and suffering will no longer happen. Although some pains that are effects of terminal illnesses can be controlled to a level that can be endured, most people who are suffering from these illnesses do not...

Democratic leadership Essay

Democratic leadership style is the advisable leadership style which encourages participation in decision-making and it can be persuasive or consultative. However, there is no ‘best’ leadership style because nothing can be absolute right and comprehensive. In this assignment, I will illustrate the successful case about GLANZ GROUP which adopted autocratic leadership style in the beginning of its foundation. Furthermore, I will also show the successful cases by adopting democratic leadership or combination the different leadership styles in their company in order to support to my opinion. The cases from the books and from internet will also be illustrated. Strong leadership, no matter how well intentioned and benevolent, can foster dependency and subvert democracy. Yet absence of any leadership will lead to confusion, drift, and tension. As many progressive activists have remarked, there can be a â€Å"tyranny of structurelessness† as well as of autocracy. The example of Mr. Qinde Leung Mr. Qinde leung, Chairman of the board of directors and CEO of GLANZ GROUP who built up his own factory using 300 thousand RMB in 1978: Guizhou Feather and Down Factory, the former one of GLANZ GROUP. Soon after, he quickly realized that it was more beneficial for these down stream enterprises which used their products for further dress business. He decides to do the same business without any techniques and any skillful persons at that time. It was a big risk so that a lot of employees were against this plan. But Mr. Leung insisted on his own schedule and finally he got complete success depending on his own experience and special views. It can’t be denied that at the developing stage of the company, facing the complicated situation and unbalanced quality of employees, Mr. Leung had to mange his company in autarchy. With the revolution of modern enterprises system in 1990, Mr. Leung became the CEO of GLANZ GROUP, his decision was un-challenged, but luckily, he has the special v iew and convincing personality and lead the GLANZ GROUP to today’s flourish. It has become an enterprise that owns about 740 acres and 20,000 staffs by  2003. Being one of the most outstanding groups of home appliance in China, GALANZ also won the fames of â€Å"Global Microwave Oven Manufacturing Center†, â€Å"Global Air-con Manufacturing Center†, â€Å"Global Small Appliance Manufacturing Center† and â€Å"Logistic Center†. In Oct 2003, GLANZ invests 2 billion RMB in purchasing about 495 acres of land in Huangpu Town, Zhongshan City to set up the largest air-con manufacturing base in the world. Its annual production capacity of air-con will increase to 12 million sets. (http://www.galanz.com.cn) Mr. Qinde leung, the benevolent-autocratic leader is described as powerful and prestigious but one who can be communicated with and is interested in his subordinates’ problems (Robert N. McMurry, â€Å"The Case for Benevolent Autocracy,† Harvard Business Review, Vol. 36 (January-February 1958), pp. 82-90). He structures the activities of his subordinates, makes policy decisions affecting them, and enforces discipline. He may encourage participation in planning, but in executing he is the â€Å"chief.† However, James Gibson, John Ivancevich, and James Donnelly, Jr., say even this style has been weakened by recent changes in attitudes within our society (James L. Gibson, John M. Ivancevich, and James H. Donnelly, Jr., Organizations: Structure, Processes, Behavior (Dallas: Business Publications, Inc., 1973), p. 298). This may particularly be true for younger generations as they express desires to shift away from any authoritative or paternalistic environment. Every organization will solve the problem of leadership in a different way. Some successful co-ops– especially smaller ones–are highly egalitarian. They have no formal leaders and few overt signs of leadership behavior. Other groups do well, at least for a generation, with a single central leader who encourages the members to participate. Many successful groups find middle ground. They reject dominating leaders and also escape the â€Å"tyranny of structurelessness.† The example of the OEOC (Ohio Employee Ownership Center) While attending the University of Texas and later getting his Ph.D. in  political science from Princeton University, John Logue studied abroad in Mexico, Denmark, and Germany. He was particularly interested in the worker-owned and democratically operated Mondragon cooperatives of the Basque region in Spain. With lots of plants under its control, the Mondragon Co-operative Corporation is the largest business corporation in its region, and the eighth largest in Spain. Several years later, Logue observed similar cooperatives and employee-owned enterprises in Quebec, Canada. Studying these models built his belief that democratically operated well to the company, just as democratic countries outperform autocratic ones. Logue, a professor of political science at Kent State, directs OEOC. Assisted by a small staff, he works to increase the number of employee-owned and run companies and to help their employees build personal assets. When a company considers shutting down an Ohio facility, for example, OEOC shows its owners and workers how employee ownership can save their livelihoods. Then, after plants make the transition to employee ownership, OEOC provides continue support to worker-owners through education, connections to consultants, and help organizing democratic structures for decision-making and communication. In all, OEOC provides 4,000 hours of leadership training per year. Since 1987, the group has helped 438 Ohio companies and plants, employing more than 83,000 people, explore the possibility of employee ownership. Of these, 64 have implemented partial or complete employee ownership plans. Logue has demonstrated that direct employee-ownership of companies promotes reinvestment, job creation, and asset-building for workers and their local economies. (http://dept.kent.edu/oeoc/index.htm) The Kohl’s Department Store Example Store manager, Audrey McCaskey, works with other employees and assistant managers of the store to come up with ways to improve their store’s performance. (http://www.kohlscorporation.com/AboutKohls/AboutKohls01.htm) As the leader, Audrey is a qualified manager who fits every characteristic of a good store manager. Her ways of doing things at times are fierce yet ethical, and with her team, she is determined to get the job done; proving  that leadership is an essential part of a manager’s position. When Audrey came to be General Manager of Kohl’s back in 1997, Kohl’s was excelling in sales and profit. Her energy and motivation (although sometimes a bit sarcastic) as well as her visions for the store, classify her as an excellent leader. However, I would also classify her as a transactional leader. Besides motivating employees, Audrey is hardworking and determined to get the job done. She runs her store efficiently and tries to keep it as a smooth operation. In fact, most managers used all the different styles on the job at some point or another. Many of these management styles are practiced within the management team of Kohl’s. Through these different styles, management is able to lead in a more effective manner. Firstly, coercive leaders – Management at Kohl’s demands that each and every employee gives their 100% effort during their jobs. Working as a member of the team, each employee is expected to do their share of the work. Secondly, authoritative leaders- Management encourage employees to work hard and continue the trend of growth, innovation, and profitability. Thirdly, affinitive leaders- Known for Team based operations, team leaders at Kohl’s create a harmonic work setting, making all employees feel comfortable with the store setting. Managers also try to develop and sustain working relationships with all employees. Fourthly, democratic leaders- Participation is practically inevitable while working at Kohl’s. Managers encourage participation through contests, and jean or tennis shoe days, which usually have positive results. Fifthly, pacesetting leaders- All employees are told what is expected of them and their performance. Therefore, employees work at achieving expectations and or goals through team work and self direction. Lastly, Coaching Leaders- Each new employee of Kohl’s is given extensive training within the first 3-6 weeks of employment. With this, managers hope to develop leadership skills among all employees. Every morning before opening of the store, Kohl’s manager or assistant managers have a brief meeting, discussing the stores’ current sales increases or decreases and upcoming sales. For this meeting, managers follow an outline that briefly goes over each priority for the day. The outline  goes over sales plans, goals, and actual, credit application goals, and actual, store news, top priorities for the day, and advertising. When sales are up, employees are encouraged to keep up the good work and often are awarded with a jean day. When awarded a jean day, employees are allowed to wear jeans to work. Managers will also advise employees having corporate visits. Corporate visits are that someone from the Kohl’s corporate center visits the store to make sure everything is in place and in order. During these visits, all associates are asked to maintain their departments especially well. Managers will also hold afternoon meetings for employees who work the afternoons a nd evenings. Another form of communication is the weekly K-Notes which come inserted in each weekly paycheck. In K-Notes, store managers briefly discuss store news such as upcoming events, corporate visits, new associates, etc. Each employee of Kohl’s receives an evaluation every 90 days from Audrey or an assistant store manager. During these evaluations the manager will go over with the employees their current job performance. The manager will point out all the positive things in the employees’ performance and the entire negative. Through this discussion, the employees are able to learn their strong points and what needs to be done to improve their overall work performance. When employees receive a good evaluation, their salary is increased. Obviously, Kohl’s has done very well in its approaches to team leading and teamwork overall. By practicing each of the individual styles of leadership, Kohl’s has been proved to be successful in its operations. In a word, the situational approach to leadership styles has been a valuable contribution. More realistic than previous theories, it shows that there is no â€Å"one best† style for all situations. Attempting to define and determine a proper leadership style is an extremely complex task for any leader. The evidence is becoming clearer that there is no single, all-purpose style of behavior that is effective in all managerial situations. Someday, experience and research may provide us with â€Å"the one best way.† Until then, each manager must be open-minded, informed, and adaptable. Reference [1] About the OEOC 2001 [Online, assessed 10 Mar. 2004] URL: http://dept.kent.edu/oeoc/AbouttheOEOC/AboutTheOEOC.htm [2] About Kohl’s 2003 [Online, assessed 8 Mar. 2004]. URL: http://www.kohlscorporation.com/AboutKohls/AboutKohls01.htm [3] Bill C. 2001 We Are All Leaders! Democratic Leadership Makes Us More Powerful [Online, assessed 6 Mar. 2004]. URL: http://www.geonewsletter.org/ed44cas.htm [4] James L. Gibson, John M. Ivancevich, and James H. Donnelly, Jr., Organizations: Structure, Processes, Behavior (Dallas: Business Publications, Inc., 1973), p. 298 [5] Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. 1995 The leadership challenge: How to keep getting extraordinary things done in organizations (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. [6] Robert N. McMurry, ‘The Case for Benevolent Autocracy’, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 36 (January-February 1958), pp. 82-90 [7] Soaring Galanz 2002 [Online, assessed 10 Mar. 2004]. URL: http://www.galanz.com.cn [8] Yukl, G. A. 1998 Leadership in organizations (4th Ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis Introduction Leishmaniasis is a tropical illness that is caused by a parasite. The infection is spread through a vector, which is the sand fly. The female phlebotomine sand fly is responsible for the spread of the disease. The parasite causing this infection is associated with tropical and temperate climates (Davis, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leishmaniasis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This tropical disease is initiated by a protozoan that is found in the sand flies. The protozoan thrives in the gut of the fly and spread when the sand fly bites humans. This condition causes a skin infection that is characterised by the development of sores. The symptoms develop in a matter of weeks or months after the infection (Berman, 1997). Leishmaniasis is said to affect about two million people every year. Cutaneous leishmaniasis accounts for about three quarters of new incidences whereas visceral leishmaniasis ac counts for about a quarter of the new cases. When individuals are settled into the affected areas, this can result into an epidemic (Davis, 2011; Guessous-Idrissi, et al, 1997a). In Morocco, the cutaneous leishmaniasis is quite common. The country has different vegetation regions that represent the differences in the climate of the country. This has affected the distribution of the sand fly species in the country (Guessous-Idrissi, et al, 1997b). As a consequence, leishmaniasis forms are distributed across the country in tandem with the different climates. In morocco, the L. tropica is common in the central parts of the country; L. infantum is found in the northern parts of the country while L. major is prevalent in the south and south eastern parts (WHO, n.d.). Case treatment There are various modes of treating leishmaniasis. Intravenous medication can be used in the treatment of leishmaniasis. In this case, liposomal amphotericin B can be used (WHO, 2012). This is the only medicat ion that has gotten approval from the US government. In other countries, this disease is treated using the pentavalent antimony (SbV) that is used during the intravenous process. In recent times, paromomycin and miltefosine are used in treating this condition. The other treatments administered for this condition are oral ketoconazole, pentostam, and intravenous pentamidine (Davis, 2011). In addition, all cases should be detected, and early treatment started as soon as possible. Collaboration between the various sectors is also essential in the treatment of the condition. Significant research should be carried out on this condition with surveys focussing on the sand flies to identify the infested areas that should be avoided.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Vector control This involves various strategies. There is a need to control the vector, as well as their reservoi r. Health awareness is also critical in vector control. Leishmaniasis can be controlled through prevention of the bites from the sand flies. The sand flies can be controlled through the use of insect repellents. The flies can also be controlled through the spray of infested areas to get rid of the flies. In addition, individuals in affected areas are advised to sleep under nets to avoid being bitten and infected by the sand flies. Conclusion Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease that should be controlled. There are various treatment methods that have been suggested. This includes administration of medication to the affected individual-orally and through injections. However, the best way of dealing with this disease is through vector control. This has been identified as the best way of ensuring that this condition does not threaten human existence. Reference List Berman, JD 1997, â€Å"Human Leishmaniasis: Clinical, Diagnostic, and Chemotherapeutic Developments in the Last 10 Yearsâ⠂¬ , Clin Infect Dis., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 684-703. Davis, CP 2011, Leishmaniasis, viewed on https://www.medicinenet.com/leishmaniasis/article.htm Guessous-Idrissi, N, et al. 1997a, â€Å"Cutaneous leishmaniasis: an emerging epidemic focus of Leishmania tropica in north Morocco, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol. 91, no. 6, pp. 660-663. Guessous-Idrissi, N, et al. 1997b, Short report: Leishmania tropica: etiologic agent of a case of canine visceral leishmaniasis in northern Morocco, Am J Trop Med Hyg, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 172-3. WHO 2012, Leishmaniasis: Access to medicines, viewed on https://www.who.int/leishmaniasis/en/Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leishmaniasis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More WHO n.d, Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Morocco, viewed on emro.who.int/neglected-tropical-diseases/countries/cl-morocco.html

Progressivism and its Predecessors essays

Progressivism and its Predecessors essays Progressivism, Jacksonianism, and Jeffersonianism were all ideals that ran on the platform of a government for the people. In line with this central platform, all three ideals opposed big business, supported social reform, and were discriminatory in one way or another. These policies were different however in the governments role in how to combat certain evils. Progressivism, Jeffersonianism, and Jacksonianism all strongly opposed big businesses. They felt that the monopolists would to corrupt the government if given the chance to. Roosevelt represented progressivism in calling for the destruction of large trusts that tried to corrupt the government. Jackson and the Democrats fought for personal rights against government and big business but did so less avidly than in Roosevelts time because of the lack of urgency. Jackson did not face the industrialists that Roosevelt was forced to face. Jefferson didnt have to face the fierce industrialists that Roosevelt faced either but he still had a deep hatred for big business. Jeffersons opposition to big business was founded in his agrarian ideals and the fear that big business and urbanites would fuel revolution. Even though they varied in degree, all three policies aimed for the well being of the people by attempting to destroy the corruption of the peoples government by monopolies. Ideals of reform were found in the Progressive, Jeffersonian, and Jacksonian types of government. They called for a large social reform to benefit the common people and ensure the role of government for the public good. Jefferson however just used the guise of reform to get his own people into office through the Spoils system as opposed to the Progressives who called for real reform. The Progressive movement led the nation in the right direction in regard to social and political reform. Even though Jeffersonians, Jacksonians, and Progressives all claimed to be reformists for the...

Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Comparison - Essay Example have a wider scope than the question in the study by Potter. The question in the study by Colbert et al. relates to personality and leadership while the inferred question in Potter’s study narrows down to emotional aspects of personality and leadership within educational set ups. University students at Masters and undergraduate levels formed the population in the study by Colbert et al. Stratified sampling strategy was used to sample 80 Masters students, in leadership and personal development program, and 98 undergraduate students in a preliminary management course. Random approach was also used in assigning participants to groups. Population sample in the study by Potter was however general. Sampling strategy identified two groups, leaders and non leaders, and this suggest application of stratified sampling, as was applied in the study by Colbert et al. Sample size in the study by Potter was however small, incorporating only eight participants, four leaders and four non leaders (Colbert et al., 2012; Potter, 2011). Colbert et al. sought to investigate the hypothesis that self-rating and observer rating offer a better measure of the relationship between personality and leadership and results support the hypothesis. With relationships between leadership and personality traits evaluated using both self rating and observer ratings, the study identified extraversion under observer rating as the most significant personality trait in explaining differences in leadership. Openness to the experience, under self-evaluation, and openness to experience, based on observer ratings, then followed in significance to leadership. In addition, active participation in group discussions improved the relationship between personality traits and leadership. The results are based on different statistical analysis tools such as regression analysis, chi-squared test for independence, and representation rely on

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 32

Marketing - Essay Example Company A is mostly addressing the business customer and while B advertises very frequently to get more home customers. While my company also caters to the home market along with a few occasional business customers. I have found that the word-of-mouth publicity works wonders to get new customers because they always ask their neighbors or friends or acquaintances about where they purchased their PC. While all the companies work at more or less similar pricing, the one differentiator is the after sales service. If we offer exceptional after sales service we are bound to get more references from our existing customers. The competitors future plan as I see it: Company A is likely to get into the Home PC market with a flurry of advertising activities. Company B will try to eat into Company A business PC market by employing more on-the-field sales staff. There is definitely a market trend towards more notebook PCs for traveling businessmen which lies untapped in the market. I plan to get them to visit my showroom for a touch-feel experience with a few models of notebook PCs which none of the competitors are doing. Another thing that I am planning in order to sell more PCs to the home market is to conduct a Computer Exhibition at a public place where customers can come easily and visit in order to see the various models at various price points so that they can choose according to their requirements and budgets. I plan to repeat this every quarter so that the flow of orders are sustained and improved. If things go according to the plans I should be able to sell more than 100 Pcs per month which should take me to the number 1 position. Effective efficiency: In the market to survive, the company should use policies which can make its customers happy as well as the company does not have any monitory loss, this process can be called as real balancing act, which can be done through energy efficiency, most powerful and